Achilles tendon moment arm correlation with energy storage

The cross-sectional area of the AT was measured with B-mode ultrasound (SonoSite M-Turbo, Fujifilm SonoSite, Bothell, Washington, USA) using a 6 cm linear array transducer operating at 15 MHz (HFL.
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Correlations between Achilles tendon moment arm and

Aug 29, 2024· The ankle plantarflexor moment generated by the lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius (LG and MG) and soleus, for example, has been studied with reference to

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Frontiers | Sport-Specific Capacity to Use Elastic Energy in the

Mar 12, 2017· Similarly, no significant difference in tendon energy storage or energy return was detected between groups. In contrast, hysteresis was lower in the patellar tendon of ski jumpers (−33%) and runners (−30%) compared to controls, with a similar trend for the Achilles tendon (significant interaction effect and large effect sizes η 2 = 0.2

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More than energy cost: Multiple benefits of the long Achilles tendon

May 26, 2022· energy savings of ~35% estimated energy storage-return in the Achilles tendon alone (Ker et . 2011), indicating a shorter plantar flexor moment arm (Miller and Gross, 1998), that would have

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More than energy cost: multiple benefits of the long Achilles tendon

Jul 31, 2023· I. INTRODUCTION. Muscle–tendon units (MTUs), in which relatively long, compliant tendons are arranged in series with a work-producing muscle, are common in the distal regions of limbs of terrestrial, especially cursorial, animals (Alexander, 2002) humans, the long Achilles tendon is located distal to the plantar flexor muscles that cross the ankle and plays a

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Sport-Specific Capacity to Use Elastic Energy in the Patellar and

Mar 13, 2017· Similarly, no significant difference in tendon energy storage or energy return was detected between groups. In contrast, hysteresis was lower in the patellar tendon of ski jumpers (−33%) and runners (−30%) compared to controls, with a similar trend for the Achilles tendon (significant interaction effect and large effect sizes η 2 = 0.2

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Correlations between Achilles tendon moment arm and

Aug 29, 2024· Introduction. Muscle strength, considered in terms of the moment produced by a muscle about a joint it spans, is attributable to both the force produced by the muscle and the muscle''s leverage (i.e., the moment arm of the tendon about the joint center or joint axis).Attention to how force and leverage not only combine but also interact with one another is critical to

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Are Achilles tendon work loops positive or negative?

It''s positive to be negative: achilles tendon work loops during human locomotion. PLoS ONE 12, e0179976 (2017). Raichlen, D. A., Armstrong, H. & Lieberman, D. E. Calcaneus length determines running economy: implications for endurance running performance in modern humans and Neandertals. J.

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Why is the Achilles tendon important?

1. Introduction The Achilles tendon (AT) is important for efficient locomotion and an injury can immediately impair functional capability with long term consequences (McAuliffe et al., 2019, Hoeffner et al., 2022).

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Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the

Previous research suggests that the moment arm of the m. triceps surae tendon (i.e., Achilles tendon), is positively correlated with the energetic cost of running. This relationship is derived

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Achilles tendon strain energy in distance running: consider the

Jan 1, 2015· it has been generally accepted that a primary role of the muscle-tendon unit in the lower limbs during running is the storage and release of tendon strain energy (3, 4).This storage and release of tendon strain energy are thought to be important factors in keeping the energy cost of running (E run) at a low value.During running, the Achilles tendon (AT) is stretched, storing

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Pearson''s correlation coefficient comparisons between ankle

Download scientific diagram | Pearson''s correlation coefficient comparisons between ankle SNW, mass-specific stress, and mass- specific elastic energy storage and the Achilles tendon moment arm at

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Elastic properties of human Achilles tendon are correlated to

Aug 1, 2005· The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon were correlated to muscle strength in the triceps surae in humans. Twenty-four men and twelve women exerted maximal voluntary isometric plantar flexion (MVIP) torque. The elongation (ΔX) and strain of the Achilles tendon (ε), the proximal part of which is the

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A longer Achilles tendon moment arm length is not associated

Oct 26, 2023· Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test for correlations between foot and lower leg muscle structure parameters (i.e., muscle mass, volume, cross-sectional area and Achilles tendon moment

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Quantifying mechanical loading and elastic strain energy of the

Mar 12, 2021· The human Achilles tendon (AT) length changes during functional tasks as walking, running, jumping, or cycling is important to understand the interaction between muscle and tendon 1,2,3, assess

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Movement Strategies for Countermovement Jumping are Potentially

Feb 2, 2018· Peak joint moments. Peak joint moments are reported for the right leg only (Fig. 1).The peak moment about the ankle increased in the BMP, resulting in a significant main effect of added mass (P

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Relationship between Achilles Tendon Stiffness and Ground

Significant correlation between Achilles tendon stiffness and ground contact time. One possible explanation for this could be the moment arm of the Achilles tendon, which was individually measured in the present study, while Mahieu and co-workers used the same moment arm for all subjects. Elastic energy storage in the hopping of

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Achilles tendon dimensions, ankle stiffness and footfall patterns in

A study by Foster et al. (Citation 2021) provided an empirical mechanical explanation that a shorter AT moment arm increases the storage of more elastic strain energy during running. Moreover, a shorter AT moment arm may have a positive effect on the force-velocity relationship of skeletal muscles (C. E. Hansen et al., Citation 2021 ; Ueno et

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Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the

Apr 30, 2021· Our results provide support for the relationship between short Achilles tendon moment arms and increased elastic energy storage, providing an empirical mechanical

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(PDF) THE EFFECT OF ACHILLES TENDON MOMENT ARM

Aug 11, 2017· the effect of achilles tendon moment arm length on stretch-shortening cycle performance in the vertical jump August 2017 Conference: American Society of Biomechanics 41st Annual Conference 2017

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Achilles tendon moment arms: The importance of measuring at constant

Feb 9, 2015· Achilles tendon moment arm in neutral foot position was 47.93 ± 4.54 mm and did not differ significantly when the foot was positioned in 10° inversion and 10° eversion. stress and elastic

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How do differences in Achilles'' tendon moment arm lengths

How do differences in Achilles'' tendon moment arm lengths affect muscle-tendon dynamics and energy cost during running? Front. Sports Act. Living 5:1125095. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1125095 a short AT MA permits a higher tendon strain energy storage, whereas a long AT MA reduces muscle fascicle force and muscle energy cost but shortening

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Correlations between Achilles tendon moment arm and

Aug 29, 2024· The production of triceps surae plantarflexion moment is complex in that the Achilles tendon moment arm affects the Achilles tendon force by determining the muscle length change and shortening velocity during ankle rotation. In addition, there is evidence for associations between the sizes of muscles and their moment arm at the joints they span.

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Does moment arm length determine spring-like behavior of the Achilles tendon?

We find that moment arm length significantly determines the spring-like behavior of the Achilles tendon, as well as estimates of mass-specific tendon stress and elastic energy storage at running and sprinting speeds.

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How do differences in Achilles'' tendon moment arm lengths

Apr 17, 2023· For a given ankle joint moment, a short AT MA permits a higher tendon strain energy storage, whereas a long AT MA reduces muscle fascicle force and muscle energy cost

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Variation in the human Achilles tendon moment arm during walking

Jan 25, 2017· This work coupled motion analysis and ultrasound imaging to characterize AT moment arms during walking in 10 subjects and found that muscle loading during push-off amplified the AT moment arm by 10% relative to heel strike. Abstract The Achilles tendon (AT) moment arm is an important determinant of ankle moment and power generation during

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Factors correlated with running economy among elite middle‐

Oct 25, 2021· Correlations (Spearman''s Rho) between anthropometry and RE. * indicates a statistically significant correlation (Achilles tendon moment arm and RE at 18 km h −1). Apparent efficiency and storage of elastic energy in human muscles during exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 92, 537–545. 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05776.x

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Calcaneus length determines running economy

Mar 1, 2011· The relationship between Achilles tendon moment arm length and running economy at 16 km/hr is highly significant (p < 0.005) and Achilles tendon moment arm length explains 64% of the variation in mass-specific energy costs of running at this speed in

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Considerations on the human Achilles tendon moment arm for in

Nov 11, 2020· Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon Table 1 Summary of the literature based in vivo Achilles tendon moment arm functions and their method of

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Achilles tendon dimensions, ankle stiffness and footfall patterns in

Aug 3, 2023· The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Achilles tendon (AT) dimensions, ankle joint stiffness, and footfall patterns in recreational rearfoot and non-rearfoot

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Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage

This relationship is derived from a model which predicts that shorter ankle moment arms place larger loads on the Achilles tendon, which should result in a greater amount of elastic energy...

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Altered Achilles tendon function during walking in people with

Mar 31, 2017· energy saving by the Achilles tendon during walking. In dynamometry tests, Couppé et al. (10) found Achilles tendon stiffness and skin connective tissue cross linking were greater in diabetes patients compared with controls. Cronin et al. (11) found that Achilles tendon length changes during walking at self-selected speed were attenuated in

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The validity and reliability of the Achilles tendon moment arm

Feb 12, 2021· The Achilles tendon moment arm (d AT) is a measure widely used within biomechanics and important when converting individual muscle forces from the gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus into a moment about the ankle or vice versa (Clarke et al., 2015, Maganaris et al., 1998, Rasske et al., 2017).d AT length is defined as a perpendicular distance from the

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Achilles tendon strain energy in distance running: consider the muscle

Jan 15, 2015· The return of tendon strain energy is thought to contribute to reducing the energy cost of running (Erun). However, this may not be consistent with the notion that increased Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness is associated with a lower Erun. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the potential for AT strain energy return relative to Erun for male and female runners

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Sport-Specific Capacity to Use Elastic Energy in the Patellar and

We also combined kinematic and morphological data to directly estimate tendon stress and elastic energy storage. We find that moment arm length significantly determines the spring-like behavior of the Achilles tendon, as well as estimates of mass-specific tendon stress and elastic energy storage at running and sprinting speeds.

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Frontiers | How do differences in Achilles'' tendon moment arm

Apr 16, 2023· Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada; Introduction: The relationship between the Achilles tendon moment arm length (AT MA) and the energy cost of running (E run) has been disputed.Some studies suggest a short AT MA reduces E run while others claim a long AT MA reduces E run.For a given ankle joint

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Correlations between Achilles tendon moment arm and

A muscle''s moment arm about a joint directly determines the muscular moment generated about the joint for a given muscle force, but moment arm may also modulate the production of muscle force. Moment arm has a role in determining force because it is proportional to the muscle-tendon unit length change for a given joint rotation [6].

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About Achilles tendon moment arm correlation with energy storage

About Achilles tendon moment arm correlation with energy storage

The cross-sectional area of the AT was measured with B-mode ultrasound (SonoSite M-Turbo, Fujifilm SonoSite, Bothell, Washington, USA) using a 6 cm linear array transducer operating at 15 MHz (HFL.

Subject body mass and height were recorded using a digital scale and segment lengths (hip height and foot length) were measured using a flexible measuring tape. Hip height.

Subjects were fitted with retro-reflective markers placed on joint centers of the hip, knee, and ankle, in addition to other standardized locations (see Supplementary Fig. S3). S.

We calculate tendon stress, which is defined as the force impulse imparted to the AT, scaled to the cross-sectional area of the AT, for each subject: Here, FAnkle is the instanta.

All statistical analyses for this study were conducted in the R statistical platform (version 3.6.1, 'Action of the Toes')57. We used one-tailed Pearson product-moment correlation.Recent research suggests that running economy (the energy cost of running at a given speed) is strongly related to the length of the Achilles tendon moment arm. Shorter moment arms allow for greater storage and release of elastic strain energy, reducing energy costs.

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